LatencyMon 是一款專業的音頻檢測軟體,可檢測出電腦上各個驅動的狀態,特別是聲卡驅動的延遲情況,LatencyMon 檢測出電腦音頻延遲、點擊和持久性噪點的原因,了解聲卡驅動是否適配電腦。LatencyMon 還提供了ISR監視器、DPC監視器和pagefault顯示器的功能,播放音樂和玩遊戲的時候,如聲音播放出現問題的話,LatencyMon可檢測問題原因出自何處,雖不能提供解決方案,卻可以掃描出所有的音頻問題。
The audio latency problem
Windows is not a real-time operating system. All requests to the operating system are delivered on a best effort basis. There are no guarantees whatsoever that requests are delivered within a certain time frame, which are the characteristics of a real-time operating system. That is not a problem for most devices and tasks but this is bad news for audio applications (which are considered soft real-time) because they need to deliver data to the subsystem and the hardware in buffers several times per second. If one or more buffers miss their deadlines and are not delivered in time it has audible consequences which are recognized as dropouts, clicks and pops.
About DPCs and ISRs
The Windows thread dispatcher (also known as scheduler) which is part of the kernel executes threads based on a priority scheme. Threads with higher priority will be given a longer execution time (also known as quantum or time slice) than threads with a lower priority. However the kernel also knows other types of units of execution known as interrupt service routines (ISRs). Devices connected to the system may interrupt on a connected CPU and cause their interrupt service routines to execute. An interrupt can occur on the same processor that an audio program is running on. Any thread that was running on the processor on which an interrupt occurred will be temporarily halted regardless of its priority. The interrupt service routine (ISR) is executed and may schedule a DPC (Deferred Procedure Call) to offload an amount of work. The DPC will most likely run immediately on the same processor which means the audio application will halt until both the ISR and the DPC routines have finished execution. That is because ISRs and DPCs run at elevated IRQL which means they cannot become preempted by the thread dispatcher (scheduler). Therefore to guarantee responsiveness of the system, ISR and DPC routines should execute as fast as possible. Guidelines say that they should not spend more than 100 µs of execution time however this is often not reached due to hardware factors beyond the control of the driver developer. If execution time gets too high, the audio program may be unable to deliver audio buffers to the hardware in a timely manner.
About hard pagefaults
Windows uses a concept of virtual memory which relies on the page translation system provided by the CPU. Whenever a memory address is requested which is not available in physical memory (not resident), an INT 14 will occur. The OS provided INT 14 handler will decide how to proceed next. If the page in which the address...
SIDCHG - SID changer utility SID 修改工具
SIDCHG (SIDCHG64 on 64-bit Windows) 3.0j is a command-line utility to modify local computer SID and computer name, for Windows 2022/11/2019/2016/10/8.1/2012 R2/8/2012/7/2008 R2. It replaces current computer SID with new random SID. In addition, it changes the WSUS ID for Windows Updates, the MachineGuid, the Machine ID, the Device Identifier for Modern Apps, the MSDTC CID, the Dhcpv6 DUID, the SQL Server Master database, the encryption state to preserve encrypted files, Windows Action Center settings, Certificates and other encrypted stored information. Preservation of credentials stored in Windows Vault is possible with prior preparation of Vault backup. Optionally OneDrive can be reset.
安全性識別碼 (SID) 用來唯一識別安全性主體或安全性群組。 安全性主體可以代表任何實體都可以由作業系統,例如使用者帳戶、 電腦帳戶,或執行緒或處理序的使用者或電腦帳戶的安全性內容中執行驗證。
每個帳戶或群組或帳戶的安全性內容中執行的程序有一個唯一的 SID 所發出的授權單位,例如 Windows 網域控制站。 它會儲存在安全性資料庫。 系統會產生在建立時的帳戶或群組識別特定的帳戶或群組的 SID。 當 SID 用於唯一識別項的使用者或群組時,它可以永遠不會用於一次找出另一個使用者或群組。
每次使用者登入時,系統會建立該使用者的存取權杖。 存取權杖包含使用者的 SID、 使用者權限,以及使用者所屬任何群組的 SID。 這個語彙基元提供使用者在該電腦執行任何動作的安全性內容。
建立唯一的網域特定 SID,指派給特定使用者和群組,除了有已知識別一般群組和一般使用者的 SID。 例如,Everyone 和世界 SID 識別包含的所有使用者的群組。 已知的 SID 有跨所有作業系統保持不變的值。
SID 就是 Windows 安全性模型的基本建置組塊。 他們要使用的授權和存取控制技術,在 Windows Server 作業系統的安全性基礎結構中的特定元件。 這可協助保護網路資源的存取權,並提供更安全的運算環境。
利用已安裝好作業系統與應用程式的磁碟映像,是在大量電腦上部署軟體的簡便方法,由於複製內含系統的磁碟整個磁區,要比逐一複製檔案快速許多,因此使用者可免除完整安裝系統所耗費的大量時間。 但問題是每個複製出來的系統,都會具有與作為磁碟映像範本系統相同的電腦安全識別碼(Security Identifier,SID),在登入AD網域時,會出現「指定網域的名稱或安全性識別碼(SID)與該網域的信任資訊不一致。」的錯誤,相同SID在登入網域時將發生衝突,以致被AD伺服器阻擋。
由於AD網域指認可唯一的SID,因此這個問題必須透過修改SID才能解決。但SID並不會隨著電腦或加入網域名稱的更改而變,故須使用特定工具例如 SIDCHG 修改 SID的工具去處理。
一個以Secure Shell為基礎的安全強化軟體
世界各地許多企業與政府機構都使用Tectia SSH Client and Server來保障其IT流程,包括其臨時和自動化文件傳輸以及遠程系統管理的安全性。他們之所以選擇了Tectia是因其具有可靠性和可管理性。全球的專家學者皆認可其安全保障的技術,且給予成熟及商業化的保證。全球超過3000家廠商包括前十大財團的其中七家,皆相信SSH Communications Security能保護的網絡犯罪分子和內部成員威脅他們的資訊資產,同時確保關鍵業務流程保持正常運行。
快速、簡單的配置
Tectia SSH Client and Server是專為方便、快速在多樣化的分佈式系統環境中進行配置。由於不少企業因為混合遺留系統和應用程式的複雜及難以改變而傷腦筋。Tectia SSH Client and Server提供使用者在這些環境中,加入一個必要的安全層,使用戶不需要高風險,高成本更改應用程序和程序。
降低風險,增加收益
資訊的遺失是現代企業面臨的嚴重問題。Tectia SSH Client and Server能讓企業快速的解決處理並降低資訊丟失的風險,以保障其收益及穩定性。
資訊保障平台
Tectia SSH Client 和 Tectia SSH Server是的SSH通訊安全的訊息保障平台的核心:一個組合式的解決方案,能使企業能配置、集中管理和控制的安全保護基礎設施。然而Secure Shell是一個安全協議 - 不是一個安全解決方案。不當使用Secure Shell只會提高日常管理開銷,且可能導致風險和法規問題,而開發者亦明白這點,並從過去經驗與知識中學習並改善。
企業級的SSH平台
完全支援:我們所有的產品獲得了世界上最有經驗的技術支持和研發團隊完全支持。
平台入口:除了一個簡單的單點解決方案,SSH提供了一個組合式的平台,可以輕鬆地擴展以滿足您當前和未來的安全需求。
不同的平台支援:Tectia SSH Client and Tectia SSH Server支援Unix, Linux, Windows, IBM z/OS 和 Linux z/OS等系統,一個適用於多種平台的軟體。
Tectia SSH Server& Tectia SSH Client:
Tectia SSH使企業能夠以更高性價比,確保系統管理、檔傳輸和應用連接的安全,有效抵禦各種內部和外部安全風險。Tectia SSH基於SSH技術,在集中管理情況下提供安全的系統管理、安全的檔傳輸、安全的程式之間的連接,Tectia SSH提供強有力的加密和驗證系統,並且適用於各種不同的平台和環境下。
新版內容介紹
Tectia Client/Server/ConnectSecure 6.4.12
Tectia Server: Trusted Mode OCSP responder configuration so that the certificate revocation status check can be delegated to a different PKI, for example internal replication service in order to avoid downloading large CRLs. Implements RFC5019 and RFC6960.
Tectia Server: Audit messages related to certificate validation indicate, whether OCSP or CRLs were used during the validation process.
Windows: Added support for using environment variable DISPLAY to overwrite default X11 display setting.
Tectia SSH Server for IBM z/OS 6.5.0
The product now targets a minimum z/OS version of 1.13.
Provide an ISPF interface for installation, configuration and management
Added Elliptic Curve support for Diffie-Hellman key exchange, key
signature generation and verification to the server using ICSF where
available.
Added ECC hardware support via ICSF for clients and broker.
of the product.
Added AES-CTR cipher hardware support via ICSF for server.
Added AES-CTR cipher hard...