最新版 Presentation v24.1 更新於 2024/6/17
—款專門用於神經科學研究進行刺激呈現和實驗控制的軟體系統
- 支援 Windows
- 利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI )/事件相關電位(ERP )/ 腦磁圖(MEG)和單神經元記錄優化過的系統便於進行行為和生理實驗
- 個別或同時提供2D、3D、視覺和聽覺的刺激
- 為各類刺激和反應事件提供精確的時間和完整的時間資訊
- 能同時進行多項操作,包括同步傳送視頻和聽覺刺激,對反應和中斷進行記錄,觸發輸入/輸出等等。
- 具有完全自適性和易於程式設計的特點
- 與外部硬體連接
- 可編程
- 驗證所有事件的時間測量
- 可擴展
Presentation是由美國NBS公司開發的一款功能強大、可程式設計的實驗開發和控制的軟體系統,可與fMRI、ERP、MEG等系統實現無縫連接。
Presentation所能呈現的刺激具有獨特優勢,除常用的圖片、聲音、文本刺激,相比於其他實驗軟體(如 DMDX、E-Prime,和Inquisit )還增加了動畫、三維視覺刺激和力回饋刺激。 Presentation不但可以呈現豐富多彩的刺激類型,繪製三維場景,還可以導入由其他三維繪製軟體所建的三維模型,對其實施移動和旋轉等操作,並能控制攝像機和燈光位置。Presentation可以控制最多8個聲道,能夠對聲音刺激進行衰減處理和對圖片進行透明化處理,在多個顯示器上能同時呈現不同的視覺刺激。
Presentation或許是計時最為精確的心理實驗軟體系統,時間不確定性在900 MHz的電腦上小於0. 3 ms,99. 8%的情況下誤差小於1 ms;它提供了時間不確定性資訊,從而使我們清楚地知道哪些刺激呈現的時間精度不夠,以便在分析之前剔除不精確的資料,這樣就可以保證實驗結果真實性,降低模糊性,減少歧義性。總之,Presentation是一款功能強大的心理實驗軟體,對它的掌握可以提高國內心理學研究水準,提高實驗結果的精確性和可靠性。
除在標準的電腦配置環境下通過鍵盤或滑鼠反應外,還可以使用任何與DirextX相容的輸入裝置。使用標準的硬體設定就可以在Windows環境下運行,並且無需專門的硬體就可以達到毫秒級的時間精度。其可程式設計性、靈活性及諸多的特色使其能滿足多種範圍的應用。此外,,Presentation 還可以把音效卡作為輸入裝置,記錄和接受被試的語音輸入。實驗運行過程中即時獲取輸入裝置相關參數的能力,使設計更為複雜的反應依賴型實驗行為成為可能。
Presentation 中的實驗包含刺激材料、實驗描述和硬體設定3個要素。對於一些簡單的刺激材料(如文本或立方體等) ,Presentation 可以方便、快速地生成,Presentation以圖形化的使用者介面完成硬體的配置,方便實驗人員快速地對所用的顯卡、螢幕的解析度、音效卡等參數進行設置。
因為心理學實驗對計時精度有較高要求,而Presentation是建立在DirectX的應用程式介面上,大大提高實驗程式的執行效率,並通過微執行緒設計達到時間的精確控制。由於Windows作業系統的多執行緒性,實驗程式運行期間要盡可能減少後臺運行的程式,斷開網路連接,並取消定期的任務以確保計時的精確性。
General Stimulus Features | ||
Multi-modal Stimulus Delivery Presentation can deliver 2-d images, 3-d graphics, compressed video, and audio - all at the same time. Play multiple videos and multiple sounds, mixed with any number of many graphical elements. You are only limited by the power and speed of your computer system. |
Power and Precision Presentation takes advantage of modern PC gaming technology to provide powerful and flexible stimulus displays, while at the same time accurately logging all stimulus and response events. The foundation of Presentation and all features are designed and implemented with precision in mind. |
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General Visual Stimulus Features | ||
Multiple Graphical Elements Arbitrarily many graphical elements of any type may be combined or displayed simultaneously - video, 3D, images, generated 2D graphics. |
Vertical Refresh Synchronization All display changes are synchronized with the vertical refresh of the video signal. Event times for visual events are the start of the scan signal containing the change. |
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Rapid Presentation and Frame Control For most types of stimuli, the display can be changed on every vertical refresh. Stimulus scheduling can be done to achieve desired refresh count durations. |
Any Resolution You may run at any display resolution that your video card supports. |
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Transparency Transparency can be used and applied to all types of visual stimuli - images, generated 2d graphics, 3d graphics, even videos. |
Color Profile Control Presentation can apply a color profile (icm) to control the color balance of your display. You can even programmatically alter the video card color calibration table at run time. |
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Multiple Independent Stimulus Displays In addition to an experimenter control screen, you may have arbitrarily many stimulus displays displaying independent stimuli, depending on your hardware. |
Custom Distance Units All visual stimulus related parameters for an experiment may be specified in pixels, or in your own custom units, including visual angles. |
設定實驗-Part1
設定實驗-Part2
Runs on Windows Vista/7/8/10
System Hardware
Presentation was designed to work well with generic PC hardware. Hardware requirements really depend on the experiment. Some experiments may run acceptably even on very old systems. Other experiments may require a lot of RAM or a current video card. In addition, some hardware may not work correctly because the drivers for that hardware do not correctly implement the interfaces Presentation requires.
The following recommendations may be helpful if you are purchasing a new system to be used primarily with Presentation. These are not minimum requirements. Also, please read the notes below for each item.
Sample Basic Presentation System
- CPU: Intel Core i5
- Motherboard/brand: See notes below.
- RAM: 4GB
- Hard Drive: 7200RPM SATA2
- Sound Card: Sound Blaster Audigy Rx recommended, but most audio cards should work for most situations.
- Video Card: Any recent GeForce, Radeon or even CPU-based graphics
Sample Presentation System for High-Res Video
- CPU: Intel Core i7 (quad-core preferred)
- Motherboard/brand: See notes below.
- RAM: 6GB
- Hard Drive: SSD SATA2
- Sound Card: Depends on timing requirements. We've tested the Sound Blaster Audigy Rx.
- Video Card:
- 1080p at 30hz video: any GeForce or Radeon on PCI Express 3.0 x16. Late gen desktop Core i7 quad-core graphics should work.
- Higher than 1080p and/or greater than 30hz video: any late gen GeForce GTX or Radeon R9 on PCI Express 3.0 x16 should work.
CPU
Obviously performance will increase with the speed of the CPU. The best price to performance ratio is usually at the 3rd or 4th fastest CPU clock speed available. Multi-core CPU's such as the Core2 Duo and Core2 Quad are recommended because certain features (such as streaming video) can benefit from having multiple CPU cores.
Motherboard/brand: The motherboard used will need to match the processor and RAM that you get. Most new motherboards support SATA hard drives (recommended). We recommend that you have your vendor make those selections and assemble the components. It is usually a good idea to also have the vendor install the operating system and drivers. If you need fast hard drive access, you could try for an SATA RAID setup, supported by the motherboard. The motherboard should have a PCI-Express 2.0 x16 slot. Some better known manufacturers are EVGA, Intel, ASUS, A-bit, GIGABYTE and MSI.
RAM: The amount of memory required for an experiment depends on the size and number of stimuli that you are using. Having extra memory never hurts and it is relatively cheap. We recommend getting 6GB if you can afford it, and no less than 4GB.
Hard Drive: For video playback, an SSD drive is recommended. If not playing video, a 7200RPM SATA2 (3Gb/s) drive will work fine. 5400RPM may be slow if you plan to play video. A 10,000RPM SATA2 hard drive can work for high-res video, but most 10,000RPM drives have a high pitched whine. The Seagate Barracuda series of hard drives offer quiet, reliable and fast performance. You could also try an SATA2 RAID configuration (multiple drives acting as one). However, if you can afford it, SSD is really the way to go.
Operating System: You should be able to achieve good performance on any of the supported Windows operating systems, but Windows 7 has better support for low-latency audio. We no longer express a preference for a 32-bit OS vs. a 64-bit OS. Hardware manufacturers have caught up and nearly all have good 64-bit drivers. Presentation is a 32-bit application and does not benefit much from a 64-bit OS. We do not have a time estimate for fully 64-bit versions of Presentation. On any system, you should make use of uncertainty reduction techniques. See the benchmark feature and the Optimizing Your OS tab for more information.